Communism Essay -- Communism Essays

Communism is the belief that every wizard in a society should be equal andshare their wealth. It is an outgrowth of collectivism and Anabaptism (Laski 45).It became a firmly rooted term after the Russian Revolution of 1917. Accordingto the words of Karl Marx, From each according to his ability, to eachaccording to his needs 1. These theories were pass around byKarl Marx. He believed that what a person made of himself reflected his effort(McLellan 1). He also believed that communism, or the state of equality wasones "final stage in bread and butter" (Leone 1).     Communism basically started in 1847, with the formation of the LondonCommunist League. This was an international association of worker, whose solepurpose was to write a "theoretical and practical computer programme which would serve asthe basis for uniting the working classes of Europe" (Leone 1). The LondonCommunist League asked Marx for help in drafting a document to bet theirstandi ngs. He composed the "Communist Manifesto" or "The Manifesto of theCommunist Party" (Leone 1).     The Russian Revolution helped foster communism. The Russian Revolutionstarted with the with the assassination of Rasputin. In March of 1917, the Dumadeclares a prvisional government, including czars. During this period, therewere also massive strikes by the workers. It was furthered by the abdication ofCzar Nicholas. The Russian Revolution itself occured throughout 1917, with thestart of the March Revolution. In April of 1917, Lenin return from exil inSwiter acres and denounced the established provisional government. The nextgeneral step was the gaining of the seats in the Petograd Soviet Parliment bythe Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks picked Lenin to then head the government, just some(prenominal) days after the November Revolution. During this revolution the peasantsstorm the palace, taking total control of the government. At this point, thepower was gi ven to Lenin. Almost immediatly he issued the New Economic Plan,which instituted the one party system or communism. They basicaly supported thebasic communist theories of Karl Marx, as interpreted by Lenin. He installedmany of his beliefs and helped reorganize the people, and essentiallyemmancipatte the working class. He also is credited with the creation of theS... .... The economic state of China made it much more profitablefor a peasant to work for the warlord that form the land (Shanor 95).     Because of the poor conditions, small Communist groups began to form inChinas cities. At first, they were allies with Sun Yat-Sen and hisNationalists. But the good feelings between the two parties deterioratedquickly after Chiang Kai-Shek, Suns successor, arranged the Shanghai Massacre ofthe Communists. Chiang spent the following years alternating betweennegotiating with and fighting against the Communists. The situation became sodrastic that the Communists eventuall y fled during the Long March of 1934-35(Shanor 95).The united States, who was very Anti-Communist after WWII, supportedChiang Kai-Shek. Over a period of four years, the US gave $2.5 billion tosupport the Nationalist cause. Despite their efforts, the Communists eventuallyoverthrew the Nationalist government, forcing Chiang and following to flee toTaiwan. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong, the leader of the Communists,proclaimed the country as the Peoples Republic of China (Shanor 96). 1 Industrial Workers of the World www.iww.org

Shades of Madness and Insanity in Yellow Wallpaper, A Worn Path, and Mulatto :: Yellow Wallpaper essays

Varying Shades of Insanity in Yellow Wallpaper, A Worn Path, and Mulatto The human psyche is a very complex, entangled thing. Why does one person act one way, while another acts completely differently? I have read three stories that have effrontery me insight on this subject. They are The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, A Worn Path by Eudora Welty, and Mulatto by Langston Hughes. In each of these stories, the main fibre exhibits a peculiar personality trait, but each stems from a different experience. The Yellow Wallpaper is a story of a married woman, Jane, who suffers from a debilitating nervous condition. This story is based on a cure for the disease, called the rest cure. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell developed this treatment which required confining the patient to a hotel, hospital, or a residence that was isolated from much human contact, such as the one described in the story. The patient was to have complete bed rest, a forceful change in diet, and sometimes even electric shock therapy. Charlotte Perkins Gilman had experienced this treatment in her own life, so she had first-hand knowledge of what she was writing about in this story (Gilman 491). The setting of this story is a room in a house in which Jane lives for a summer with her husband John, who is a physician. The room is large, roughly the size of the entire floor. She is on medication, phosphates or phosphites-- whichever it is, for her condition, and she has been forbidden to work (Gilman 491). Unfortunately, she was also not allowed to write, which was a deprivation of the only outlet she had. Therefore, on most days, she washed-out her time in that room with nothing to do except look at the four walls. In the beginning of the story we can sense that peradventure she is a little crazy. She describes the house as if it is a castle. Then she says that there is something strange about the house-- I can feel it (Gilman 492). Next, we learn of the intriguing discolour wallpaper. The wallpaper, at first, is her nemesis. She begs John to repaper the room it scares her. The paper looks to her as if it knew what a vicious influence it had (Gilman 494). In her perception, the paper has eyes and exerts some sort of power over her.

Characterizing the Religious Encounter between Moravians and Saramakas

Characterizing the Religious Encounter between Moravians and SaramakasWhen Moravians in Germany sent three missionaries to Suriname in 1765 to witness to the Saramakas, two groups with unique and essentially different cultural, social, and religious beliefs and structures met. During the course of their stay, the Moravians were hounded by disease and disappointed by the poor reception of the gospel meanwhile, the Saramakas were plagued with inter-tribal rivalries and poor relations with the white government officials and grove owners, with whom they maintained an unsteady peace. These circumstances, as well as the many ways in which Moravian and Saramaka expectations and social behavior differed, created a barrier between the two groups. Because the Moravians entered Saramaka partnership in small numbers and with no pretense of using political push back or monetary bribery (the latter of which the Saramakas would likely have accepted) to force conversions, the extent of their i nfluence on Saramaka religion and culture was limited. Though there was several(prenominal) cultural exchange, including the adoption of European manufactured goods into Saramaka life and the adoption of some Saramaka medical treatments by the Moravians, for the Moravians and for the majority of Saramakas, the religious encounter was a meeting of mutually closed worlds. For a handful of Saramakas, including Alabi, an apparently true conversion took place. In addition to the few converts, there were a small number (Brother Wietz reports twelve in 1779) of Saramakas who came to Christian services regularly, and thus were interested in and perhaps persuaded to some degree by the missionaries message, but made no commitment to or identification with Christianity and c... ...vian strawman certainly changed the lives of a few Saramakas, but did not comprise a great impact on Saramaka society as a satisfying. The missionaries who died or returned to Germany did not manage to build relationships with the Saramaka community as a whole and could not count Suriname as one of their fruitful mission endeavors. Conversion was rare, and the syncretism formed after the Moravians introduced Christianity was admonished by the Moravians themselves and short-lived in any case. The current presence of Christianity, or some syncretic form, among a minority of Saramakas is probably not derived from the Moravians. Though Christian stories and the Moravian presence will never be forgotten because of their impressiveness in the life of the gaama Alabi, the importance of the encounter with Moravians is restricted to a specific place and time in Saramaka history.

Development Of The Human Zygote Essay -- essays research papers fc

Development of the Human Zygote     Hundreds of thousands of times a year a single-celled zygote, smallerthan a grain of sand, transforms into an amazingly complex meshing of cells, anewborn infant. Through cellular specialisation and growth, this process iscompleted with precision time and time again, but very rarely a luxate in the"blueprint" of growth and development does occur. Following is a description ofhow the pathways of this intricate web are followed and the mistakes whichhappen when they are not.     The impressive process of differentiation changes a single-cell into acomplicated system of cells as distinct as bold and bone. Although embryonicdevelopment takes approximately nine months, the greatest amount of cellulardifferentiation takes place during the first eight weeks of pregnancy. Thisperiod is called embryogenesis.     During the first week after fertilization, which takes place in theFallopia n tube, the embryo starts to cleave once every twenty-four hours (Fig.1). Until the eight or sixteen cell stage, the individual cells, or blastomeres,are thought to have the potential to form any part of the fetus (Leese, Conaghan,Martin, and Hardy, April 1993). As the blastomeres continue to divide, a solidball of cells develops to form the morula (Fig. 1). The accumulation of fluidinside the morula, transforms it into a hollow sphere called a blastula, whichimplants itself into the inward lining of the uterus, the endometrium (Fig. 1).The inner mass of the blastula will produce the embryo, while the outer layer ofcells will form the trophoblast, which eventually will provide nourishment tothe ovum (Pritchard, MacDonald, and Gant, 1985). bode 1Implantation process and development duringembryogenesis (Pritchard, MacDonald andGant, 1985)     During the second week of development, gastrulation, the process bywhich the germ layers are formed, begins to occur. The i nner cell mass, nowcalled the embryonic disc, differentiates into a thick plate of ectoderm and anunderlying layer of endoderm. This cellular multiplication in the embryonicdisc marks the beginning of a thickening in the midline that is called theprimitive streak. Cells spread out laterally from the primiti... ...e anormal infant. When whatsoeverthing does go wrong, the embryo or fetus willunfortunately have some type of defect. The amazing accuracy with which asingle cell can become something as complex as a newborn infant is a truleyincredible featWorks CitedBaker, David A. "Danger of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection." ContemporaryOB/GYN April 1990 52.Carlson, Bruce M. Pattens Foundations of Embryology. McGraw-Hill Inc. 1981.Cunningham, MacDonald, and Gant. Williams Obstetrics, Supplement no. 10. 18thed, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Februay/March 1991 2,3."Folic Acid for the Prevetion of Recurrent Neural tubing Defect." Medicine March1993.Harrison, Ross G. Organization a nd Develpment of the Embryo. Yale UniversityPress. 1969.Leese, Conaghan, Martin, and Hardy. "Early Human Embryo Metabolism." BioEssays vol. 15, No. 4 April 1993 259.Pritchard, MacDonald, and Gant. Williams Obstetrics. 17th ed, Prentice-Hall,Inc. 1985 139-142, 800.Pritchard, MacDonald, and Gant. Williams Obstetrics, Supplement no. 13. 17thed, Prentice-Hall, Inc. July/August 1987 2."Teratology." ACOG Technical air February 1985.

A Comparison of the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Scriptures Essay

A Comparison of the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew ScripturesThe Hebrew Flood story of Noah and his obligation to preserve piece kind after God had punished all living creatures for their inequities parallels The Epic of Gilgamesh in several ways. Even though these two compilations are passed on by word of m egressh at different times in history the similarities and differences invoke deliberation when these stories are compared. Numerous underlining themes are illustrated throughout each story. Humans are disgraced of transgressions and must be punished, God or Gods send a flood as punishment to destroy this evil race, a person is selected by the gods to lay down a craft that will withstand the flood and allow this person to create a new race. An investigation of the inconsistency and similarities of both flood stories exposes the family between the Gods and the stories hero, insight on each cultures moral perspective on friendship and values as it applies to the flood, and e ach stories common origin. There are many another(prenominal) similarities and differences in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew scriptures. In both works you cast off Supreme beings or a being that has come to the conclusion that the earth and the state that reside on it are wicked. Because of these iniquitous individuals the earth must be destroyed. The supreme beings chose to destroy the earth by flood. In the Epic of Gilgamesh the gods influenced by Enlil their counselor make the decision to destroy the earth The uproar of mankind is intolerable and sleep is no longer possible by reason of the Babel. So the gods concord to exterminate mankind. (Norton35). In the Hebrew scriptures the same conclusion was made by God that the earth was evil and would need to be destroyed And the Lord said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth both man, and beast and the creeping thing, and the fowls of the air for it repenteth me that I have made them. (Norton60 ). In both works the gods or God seem to have the same attitude and feelings after the flood. The Gods show feelings of remorse and grief in the Epic of Gilgamesh Ishtar speaks out in distress Alas the Days of the old are turned to dust because I commanded evil Why did I command this evil in the council of the Gods? (Norton37). In the Hebrew scripture the Lord did not seem to be as remorseful but did acknowledge that what he did may no... ...ulation (Smith). Approximately 60 million copies, or portions thereof, are distributed annually. The Tanakh is a acronym that identifies the Hebrew bible. The acronym is based on the initial Hebrew letters of each of the texts three parts. The Law, The prophets and the writings. In conclusion we have looked at the similarities and differences in the two flood stories and seen how the stories are so similar even though they were orally passed on at different time periods. in any case we examined the moral differences of each society and wha t values each culture holds dearly. We have also discussed the origin of each compilation. Works Cited 1. Unknown. The Epic of Gilgamesh.Trans. N.K. Sandars. Sarah Lawall. Norton Anthology of World Literature. New York W.W. Norton and Company, 2002. 10-61.2. Perlin, John. A Forest Journey Mesopotamia. Pp 35-45, SIRS Renaissance1989. Werner 3. Miller, John J. The Worlds First Story. Foundation for Cultural Review. v23 i2 p74(4) (2004) . InfoTrac OneFile. Gale. NC LIVE. Oct 2004 .4.Karel van der Toorn. Did Ecclesiastes Copy Gilgamesh?. Bible Review. Feb. 2000, pp. 22+. Gilgamesh (Legendary Character). SIRS. Feb 2000 )

Th Future of Hip Hop Essay -- Hip Hop Music, Total Chaos

From its conception in the 1970s and throughout the 1980s, rose hip hop was a self-contained entity within the community that created it. This means that all the parameters set for the looking at came from within the community and that it was meant for consumption by the community. Today, the audience is from outside of the community and doesnt carry on the same experiences that drive the music. An artists success hinges on pleasing consumers, non the community. In todays world, it isnt about music that rings true for those who share the artists experiences, but instead, music that provides a dramatic illusion for those who will never share the experiences conveyed. This has radically changed the creative process of artists and the diversity of available music. Most notably, it has called in to question the future of hip hop. In Total Chaos, Jeff Chang references Harry Allen, a hip hop critic and self-proclaimed hip hop activist. Harry Allen compares the hip hop movement to the Big Bang and poses this complex question whether hip-hop is, in feature a closed universe-bound to recollapse, ultimately, in a fireball akin to its birth-or an open one, destined to expand forever, until it is cold, dark, and dead (9). An often heard phase, hip hop is dead, refers to the lavishly occurrence of gangster rap in mainstream hip hop. Todays hip hop regularly features black early dayss posturing as rich thugs and humoring in expensive merchandise. The hip hop is dead perspective is based on the belief that hip hop was destined to become the model of youth resistance and social change. However, its political ambitions have yet to emerge, thus giving rise to hip hops criticisms. This essay will examine the past and give up of hip hop in o... ... in which the expansion never ends, but all vitality is lost. The past shows us that hip hop has transformed and evolved it doesnt have to end and it doesnt have to lose its momentum. Works CitedChang, Jeff. Total Chao s The Art and Aesthetics of Hip-hop. New York BasicCivitas, 2006. Print.Farley, Christopher J. Rapper Nas Says Maybe Hip record hop Isnt Dead After All. Wall Street Journal, 20 May 2010. Web. Merwin, Scott. From Kool Herc to 50 Cent, the Story of Rap -- so Far. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 15 Feb. 2004. Web. Nas. 2006. Hip vamoose is Dead. Hip Hop is Dead. Def Jam Recordings.Nas. 2006. Hope. Hip Hop is Dead. Def Jam Recordings.Rose, Tricia. The Hip Hop Wars What We Talk about When We Talk about Hip Hop - and Why It Matters. New York BasicCivitas, 2008. Print.Williams, capital of Minnesota. 2004. Telegram. Saul Williams. Fader Record Label.