Barleria Prionitis Linn

Barleria Prionitis Linn

The Rethinking Of Public Spaces Cultural Studies Essay

The Rethinking Of general Spaces Cultural Studies Essay humans Space seems like an obvious and straightforward term, denoting argonas where anyone-the common come out of the closet- might go. Yet we affair the term not so much to signify everything that is not private quadriceps femoris we use it to imply distance that has been deliberately created as a open amenity, space that has some deliberate public use, be it ceremony, recreation, celebration, or commerce. Public space, in this sense, is functional.Understanding of public spaces, which is focused on the making of places for volume. Moreover, it focuses on function as the process of making better places for people than would differentwise be produced. This definition asserts the importance of four themesFirst, it stresses that heading is for and about people.Second, it emphasises the value and signifi idlerce of place.Third, it recognises that digit operates in the real world, with its field of opportunities constrai ned and bounded by economic (market) and political (regulatory) forces.Fourth. It asserts the importance of design as a process.Peter Buchanan argued that urban design was essenti in ally about place making, where places argon not just a specific space, but all the activities and blushts that make it executable.The trace demonstrates how a strategic move up can be authentic to channel re man-made lakes in a coherent agency to trans induce the built environment. It shows how uncluttered and joined up public spaces can be built to promote civic values and commercial competitiveness, and how public space can bring people together for a positive, shared out pose of urban living. Public spaces are those that derive a unique identity operator from the buildings, structures, and landscaping that encloses them and gives them comprise. Their identity is also derived from the people that occupy the buildings and spaces and the uses they put to them to. These spaces are of various s hapes, sizes and functions. They often include trees and other landscaping, but crucially they are all an integral part of the built form of the city. They perform an architectural function because they carry on to surrounding buildings through their design and use.As building density increases so too does the need for public open space and the need for considerate neighbours. Public spaces can provide visual rilievo and recreational open space with a density developed area, and it can also serve to promote standards in public behaviour. If people are to be aware of the complexity and variety of the ordination they are a part of, and if they are to appreciate notions of civic identity and respect for others, there essential be a place where they can occasionally see and experience a diverse cross section of that society. When people can actively participate in vivification indoors the public realm, they learn how to conduct themselves within it. This is e modifiedly important for developing ideas about citizenship. By simply standing in a lively public space, where different age groups and different members of society are gathered together, there is a shared experience that evokes a positive sense of participation.If the design, implementation, and management of stark naked public spaces are undertaken through a partnership approach that engages with local anesthetic people, urban point of reference and affectionate cohesion can be strengthened. These spaces can then contribute to a richer mix of facilities that attract both local people and visitors, and can facilitate to make a city more competitive in attracting mobile investment within the global marketplace.It is helpful to understand why these spaces crap been developed by different communities through history, and to establish the demands that these spaces have been expected to satisfy. Historical analysis can help to establish a theme that such spaces have been developed to address throug h the ages, such as the need to provide a population with a place for festivals or with a symbolic focal point that reinforces their collective identity. An understanding of the past can often inform the present and indicate how the future mite unfolds.The people and markets in these vast urban areas are interconnected as never before, especially due to advances in information technology. The spread and mixing of peoples has resulted in cities with people from a variety of ethnic backgrounds, ideologies, faiths, and income groups. The results have led to variety show and opportunity but also to tension and fear. A degree of acceptance between people has been necessary for peaceful coexistence in many ethnical diverse urban areas. Perhaps a notion that we have more in common than separating us has supported this. It is often peoples recognition with a city itself that helps to serve as a bridge between cultural differences.This can be seen in Beirut in Lebanon, where reconstruct ion kit and caboodle are providing new public places that are legal transfer together people who are previously separated by civil war.Such places reinforce a collective identity and sense of belonging throughout a diverse urban population. The design of public space is especially important in bringing people together and in creating a shared experience of a city. I write about the influence of public space on the cultural life and values of urban society. How well used public spaces can strengthen the collective reason of the urban population.The characters of such spaces are made up of the following design aspectsCharacter a place with its own identityContinuity and enclosure a place where public and private spaces are distinctly distinguishedQuality of the public reclaim a place with attractive and successful outdoor areas (i.e. areas which are valued by people who use them or pass through them)Ease of movement a place that is easy to get to and move throughLegibility a place that has clear find and is easy to understandAdaptability a place that can change easilyDiversity a place with variety and choiceThe analysis can bring to show how spaces can be developed to model all of these aspects, especially because they contain intensive interactions between people, buildings, and surroundings.GLOBALIZATION AND INCREASED DIVERSITYWith increasing globalisation this trend has intensified. Two countervailing processes are occurring. Large numbers of people are moving from developing countries to more developed regions to obtain better jobs and education and increasingly use the public spaces of the city.Yet while the macro environment is becoming more diverse because of increased flows of immigrants, differences in local population growth rates, local environments are experiencing increased vernacularization and homogeneity immigrant enclaves are growing in the city, and gated communities are developing in the suburbs and edge cities. One way, is to make sur e that our urban parks, beaches, and heritage sites those large urban spaces where we all come together remain public, in the sense of providing a place for everyone to relax, learn, and recreate.CULTURAL DIVERSITY IS GOOD FORUlf Hannerz (1996) suggests that the value of diversity is so entrenched in the contemporary discourse about culture that it is difficult to reflect clearly on it. So he offers what he calls his septet arguments for diversity to make the point that there are many basic reasons to consider cultural diversity important to our lives. He includes many of the points, arguing that cultural diversity is important because it providesThe moral right to ones culture, including ones cultural heritage and cultural identityThe ecological advantage of different orientations and adaptions to limited environmental resourcesA form of cultural resistance to political and economic domination by elites and power asymmetries and a way to counteract relations of dependencyThe ae sthetic sense and pleasant experience of different worldviews, ways of thinking, and of other cultures in their own rightsThe possibility of confrontation between cultures that can generate new cultural processesA source of creativity andA fund of tested knowledge about ways of going about things. (Hannerz 1996, 56-57)Attention to cultural diversity also leads to community empowerment, expand citizenship, and the involvement of people in the governance and maintenance of their neighbourhoods and workplaces.It expands the notion of individual rights of citizenship to include the survival of ones culture and/or cultural group, and the marking of its importance in the landscape.Also to add that creativity from cultural contact and interaction flows from cooperation as well as from working out solutions to conflicts and confrontation. therefore, cultural diversity utilized in effect and honestly, leads to more democratic practises and peaceful relationships between people within a loc ality especially if all groups are treated equally with respect for their needs, desires, and adequate space and resources for work, home, and recreation.VALUE AND NATURE OF PUBLIC SPACESPublic space is the stage upon which the drama of communal life unfolds. The streets, squares, and parks of a city give form to the ebb and flow of human exchange. These dynamic spaces are an essential counterpart to the settled places and routines of work and home life, providing the channels for movement, the nodes of communication, and the common grounds for play and relaxation. There are pressing needs that public space can help people to satisfy, significant human rights that can be shaped to define and protect, and special cultural meanings that it can best convey. These themes to be explored and developed in this report, reveal the value of public space and lay the groundwork for improved design and gain ground interactions.In all communal life there is a dynamic balance between public and private activities. Within this balance, different cultures place differing emphases on public space.How public spaces can be made to serve human needs, from passive relaxation, through active engagement with others, to discovery of unknown worlds.Public space forget be seen to convey meanings, from those that reinforce soulal and group life to those that challenge the accepted world view of the culture and open the mind to new insights.There are three primary values that guide the development of our perspective we believe that public places should be responsive, democratic, and meaningful.Responsive spaces are those that are designed and managed to serve the needs of their users.The primary needs that people seek to satisfy in public space are those for comfort, relaxation, active and passive enagement, and discovery.Relaxation provides relief from the stresses of daily life and both active and passive engagement with others promote individual well-being and community.Public spac es can also be a condition for physiologicly and mentally rewarding activity, such as exercise, gardening, or conversation.It can be a place for discovery of self or others, a note into the larger world. Visual and physical contact with nature and plants can also result in important health and restoration benefits for people.Democratic spaces protects the rights of user groups. They are accessible to all groups and provide for freedom of action but also for temporary claim and ownership.A public space can be a place to act more freely than when under constraints of home or workplace. In most settings one can temporarily lay claim to a go of turf even when one does not own it. Ultimately, public space can be changed by public action, because it is owned by all. In such spaces, people learn to live together.Meaningful spaces are those that allow people to make strong connection between the place, their personal lives, and the larger world. They relate to their physical and social context. These connections may be to ones own history or future, to a valued group, to ones culture or relevant history, to biological and psychological realities, or even to other worlds.A continuously used public space with its many memories can help anchor ones sense of personal continuity in a rapidly changing world. By the build-up of overlapping memories of individual and shared experience, a place scrams sacred to a community.These values can incorporate the public space motivations. For instance, they define public interaction. visual and environmental motives come into play in satisfying peoples need for active engagement , discovery, and meaning. Public space values must grow out of an understanding of why people got o such spaces, how they actually use them, and what they mean to their users overtime.The existence of some form of public life is a prerequisite to the development of public spaces. Although every society has some mixture of public and private, the emphasis given to each one and the values they register help to explain the differences across settings, across cultures, and across times. The public spaces created by societies serve as a mirror of their public and private values as can be seen in the Greek agora, the roman forum, the new England common, and the contemporary plaza, as well as Canalettos scene of Venice.Throughout history, communities have developed public spaces that support their needs, whether these are markets, places for sacred celebrations, or sites for local rituals. Public spaces often come to symbolize the community and the larger society or culture in which it exists. Although there are vast differences in the forms of communal life across societies, public life has been an integral part of the formation and continuation of social groups.Public places afford casual encounters in the course of daily life that can bind people together and give their lives meaning and power. It also offers relief from the stresses o f work, providing opportunities for relaxation, entertainment, and social contact. People can discover new things and learn from others. It has the potential of bringing diverse groups together so that they learn from each other, perhaps the richest quality of a multiclass, multicultural, heterogeneous society. It also serves as a social binder on the scale of a groups history and culture.We can take encouragement from the increasing consciousness of the value of positive public life experience and the efforts of many to ensure that such opportunities continue and increase. Many recent events have fostered their awareness the consumer movement, the work of public space activists, and the advocates for parks, local gardens, and other community spaces. It leads to increased beneficial contacts between different cultural groups and greater tolerance and understanding is much to be desired. It is towards a rich, diverse, and open public life that we should be striving.EVOLVING PUBLIC S PACEAgainst the historical backdrop of public life, public spaces have arisen out of many different forces. just about were the consequences of the creeping encroachment of a society bent on finishing and filling up spaces, especially in urban areas. Some were the products of heterogeneous society with many different needs, interests, and aesthetics. Others were products of a desire for careful planning, whatever the priorities guiding their forms and functions. I define public spaces as open, publicly accessible places where people go for group or individual activities. While public spaces can take many forms and may assume various names such as plazas, malls, and playgrounds, they all share common ingredients. They are formed by at least two different processes. Some have developed naturally that is an ad hoc way without deliberate planning through appropriation, by repeated use in a particular way, or by the concentration of people because of an attraction. Each of these resul ts in a place that accommodates people for specific purpose and becomes, over time, a site that people rely on to meet, relax or interact.These spaces also enable people to connect with others, to affiliate in some way with other people. Some users may seek specific activities hoping or certain that they will be available in a site. These may be bicyclers going to use paths in parks, people going to the beach to sun or swim, or the elder in appear of a bench. The intensity and nature of the activity may vary but there is an expectation that specific experiences will be possible in the place and that particular resources will be available.PUBLIC SPACE MEANINGS AND CONNECTIONSPeople need links to the world, and some are provided by the spaces they inhabit and the activities occurring within these spaces. Public spaces experiences yield meanings that accrue over time, and if these are positive meanings they will lead to connections that go beyond the immediate experience of a setting . Links are established between that place and the life of an individual, links to a valued group, to a whole culture and its history, economics, and politics, or symbolically to the universe or other worlds through a persons biological and psychological reality, through nature, through growth.a interactive place is on which, in some way appropriate to the person and her culture, makes her aware of her community, her past, the web of life, and the universe of time and space in which these are contained.In order for people to see some positive meaning in a place it must resonate with their lives and evoke patterns of use that create bonds with the space. If people see possibilities and share goals with others, their connections to that place will be enhanced. The site will be an evocative one, a place that resounds with the memories and experiences of an individual, a family, a group, or a culture in ways that connect each one to a larger entity, a group memory, or experience.While i mportant connections can derive from an individuals personal history, they may also stem from the history of a group from an area where connections to other members enhance and shape the experience of a place. Spatial identity is largely a product of social relationships with others. These others may be slackly affiliated groups or cultural, sub cultural, or national ones.Public space meanings develop when people are able to form root in an area, when settings become important parts of their lives. This occurs when space are well suited to their surroundings both physically and socially, when they support the kinds of activities users desire, and when they engender feelings of comfort, safety, and connections to other people. Individual connections emerge in a number of ways from a persons life and personal experience, from a tradition of use of an area, and from special events in a place. These bonds are enhanced by the presence of natural elements and design features suggesting connections to the larger universe.BOOKSWEBSITESLownsbrough,H. Beunderman,J. (2007).Equally Spaced? Public space and interaction between diverse communities.Available http//www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enq=The+authors+of+the+report+would+like+to+thank+the+Commission+for+Racial+Equality+for+their+support+for+the+realisation+of+this+report.+In+particular,+we+would+li. Last accessed 15 April 2010.Brand,J. (2009).Physical Space and Social Interaction.Available http//www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enq=Physical+Space+and+Social+Interactionmeta=aq=faqi=aql=oq=gs_rfai=. Last accessed 20 April 2010.

The role of the mother in Islam

The role of the aim in IslamROLE OF THE MOTHER IN ISLAMTABLE OF CONTENTAcknowledgement put inIntroduction quality of the fetchs in IslamRespect in the worldHoly record book about m new(prenominal)sQualities of the mothersLove for her baby birdrenSacrifice and dedicationProtection and security parting of the mothers during LifeA window of the shaver to the worldModel for the baby birdStrength of the motherAwargonness of responsibilitySetting GoalsEncourage churlren according to their potencyConclusionReferencesPREFACEI learnt a lot during the research on the Role of the Mothers in Islam. There were many new things which I had grasped during my thesis. Most importantly, I tried to understand what does Islam think and say about the mothers. I hope my research proves to be the productive and helpful for those who want to be taught about the Role of the mother in Islam.INTRODUCTIONAs we know that, Islam has empowered woman more than any other religion and they have more rights tha n any man. A woman has a very samara and important role when she becomes a mother. Since the mothers have a very valued and dignified role in Islam. Their character is acknowledged and applauded. Once a man asked illusionist (PBUH) about the status of mother, Muhammad (SAW) replied,Paradise lies beneath the feet of mothers.In other words, gates of heaven are plain-spoken for those who cherish and respect their mothers.ROLE OF THE MOTHERS IN ISLAMRespect in the worldA mother has a great respect in her entire family. She is to be obeyed. There are many verses of the Holy al-Quran which talks about the rights of the mother. However, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has en weded goodness to the mother. A man came for the advice to Prophet (SAW) as to who should be treated well. The Prophet (PBUH) advised him to be good with mother. Three times the man asked, and three times Prophet (PBUH) told him to do good to his mother. At the quaternate time, the Prophet (PBUH) told him to do good to hi s father. This illustrates the position of the mother in Islam. Allahs messenger (SAW) says,It is one of the greatest sins that a man should curse his parents.Holy Quran about mothersAllah has only discussed about the two mothers in the Holy Quran by name Bibi Maryam, mother of Hazrat Isa (A.S) and mother of Prophet Musa (A.S).Holy Quran mentions the incident of Hazrat Maryam after the birth of Isa (A.S) when people started labeling her with the bad words. At a point, she wished to be dead. But Allah consoled her and told her not to grieve. Then she was given the dates and water. However, she was also ordered to force back fast of not speaking for the three consecutive days. After three days, baby started speaking and it proved that Hazrat Isa (A.S) was a miraculous baby.(1923-26)The other incident is relate to Hazrat Musas mother who was forced to put her squirt in the river but was simultaneously assured that the baby will be returned. Allah knew the love of mother for the chi ld. The baby was picked up by Firwans wife from river, but baby refused to suck the milk of foster mother. So Hazrat Musas sister suggested to look for her mother, this united the child and mother back. (Surah Taha 37-40 and Surah Qasas 7-13) Following are the verses of the Holy Quran about the parents (mother).Treat your parents with great kindnessif either or both of them earn old age, do not even say uff to themnor rebuke thembut speak to them kind words.Treat them with humility and tenderness and pray, O our Lord,be merciful to them, just as they brought me up with kindness and affection in my childhood. (Surah Bani Israel 23-24)QUALITIES OF THE MOTHERSLove for her childrenThe love of the mother towards the child is unmatchable. Whether the child is obedient or trouble obliger, old or young, healthy or ill, the love remains the same for her child. A mother shows her love in different forms, sometimes she also scolds her child just because she cares and doesnt want the child to be involved in any chaotic activity. However, that is why the children feel good at home because of their mother. Holy Quran says,Worship God and join not any partners with Him and be kind to your parents.In other words, we mustiness not treat our parents harshly even if they beat or scold us. many a(prenominal) of the children put their pleasure above mothers happiness. This is what she gets after bearing so much pain and sacrificeSacrifice and dedicationSacrifices of the mother for the child are unmatchable in the world she gives up her sleep as well just to make her child all right. A good mother places the needs of the child, both physical and emotional needs. There is no other relation other than mother who gives away all her peace just to make her child in peace. This is the reason why Islam has ordered woman to stay home, to look after their children but nowadays usually women are busy in making their own career instead of looking after their child which should be her fir st priority.The Quran says,And We have enjoined on man to be good to his parents in travail upon travail did his mother bear him and his weaning was over two years. Be thankful to Me and to your parents, unto Me is the final destination. Noble Quran 3114However Shaykh Abdur Rahman As-Saad views on the verse is followingBe kind to your parents, shower love, affection and piety, both in words and deeds, treat them softly and never harm them verbally or physically. Then, Allah explains why we should treat our parents nicely. He says, the mother bore constant suffering, pain and hardship from the first moments she felt the child moving in her womb to the switch pangs during the time of delivery. And the weaning of two years, that is, during these two years the mother breast-feeds her child and looks after him/her. So after all the years of suffering, hardship, love and care, could we not, at least, yield our mothers for what they have done for us and pay them back their rights.Protect ion and SecurityA mother always tries to safeguard her child in every difficulty. However, few mothers are over-protective for their child which is not good. Because of it, children face too many problems in their practical life when they have to deal it alone. Pampered children are unaware of many realities of the world. many children get fed up of their parent over-protection, yet they must not misbehave since Allahs messenger (SAW) says,Shall I inform you of the biggest of the Great Sins? They said, Yes, O Allahs courier (saws) He (saws) said, To join partners in worship with Allah,and to be undutiful to ones parents. (Sahih Al-Bukhari)THE ROLE OF THE MOTHERS DURING LIFEThe window of the child to the worldWhen a baby is born, he is not unaware of the outside world. The mother plays a key role in introducing him to the world. The child life totally depends on the mother. His views, his behavior religion or other and his goals and mission. Later the views changes after he becomes mature, but what he has learnt in the beginning will always have a lasting impression on his mind.A man came to the Prophet and said, O Messenger of God Who among the people is the most worthy of my good companionship? The Prophet (PBUH) said Your mother. The man said, Then who? The Prophet said Then your mother. The man further asked, Then who? The Prophet said Then your mother. The man asked again, Then who? The Prophet said Then your father. (Bukhari, Muslim)In this hadith Prophet (SAW) has clearly mentioned the importance of mother more than the father by repeating your mother thrice.Model for the ChildSince a mother play key role in upbringing of the child, so she is greatly esteemed. Her habits, behavior, lifestyle and whatever a child observes from her will have an impact. Theres a known quote, A mother is better than hundreds of teacher. This means, mothers have a strong control on their child. Therefore, mothers have an important responsibility on their shoulders to set a n vitrine for their child. Sometimes it becomes difficult for the mothers. However, it is not perfection which Islam demands but a willingness to accept the responsibility for gesturing good behavior. Most importantly, a man will be picked up from his/her mother name on the Resurrection Day. A Grand Mufti of Pakistan, Shaykh Muhammad Shafy wrote,Mothers have more rights than father.STRENGTH OF THE MOTHERAwareness of ResponsibilityMotherhood is the most difficult job. A mother has to look into different techniques and strategy for parenting. There are nowadays many Islamic magazines in which articles are published related to the upbringing of the children. Mothers must read it to increase the awareness. This surely helps in dealing a child from different tactics.Command your children to make salah (prayer)when they become seven years old, and batter them for it (salah) when they become ten years old, and arrange their beds (to sleep) separately.(Abu Dawud)However it is the responsi bility of the mother to make the child punctual towards prayer and make him habitual to it.Setting GoalsA mother should know what she expects from her child and then explain that to them. The children must know what is expected from them. For example, if a mother ask a child to lay the table. And the child does not do because of laziness, it means the mother has not asked him in a proper way because the children do the way they feel better. At end, child is goddam for either doing it wrong or not doing it. Similarly goes in the academic, mother must explain what she wants her child to be.Encourage children according to their potentialEvery child is skilled in different professions. Allah has given children the ability to show the achievements. Holy Prophet (PBUH) says,Human beings are like mines of gold and silver.Many of the mothers compare their child with another one, which is simply wrong. As I mentioned above every children has the ability to hold great achievement. This act o f mother takes many children towards depression, and they get tensed. Instead of it, mothers must rectify their weaknesses and develop the skills in which the child is good.CONCULSIONIn my research, I tried to explain about how much Islam respects the relation of a mother and what are role of the mothers in upbringing of the child. The mothers have the capability to either give a better future to the child or to damage it. So if we lend up the whole topic we understand, the mothers are the guardian of the whole family at home. However, it is utmost duty of every child to respect their mothers. Since it is the hadith of Allahs messenger (SAW),Be kind with your mother.Therefore, a person will not enter a paradise if he/she scorns the parents (mother).REFERENCEShttp//islam.ru/en/content/story/what-does-islam-say-about-mothershttp//www.islamhelpline.net/qa/parents-quran-and-sunnahhttp//www.al-islam.org/raising-children-tahera-kassamali/lesson-2-role-motherrole-motherhttp//insideislam.w isc.edu/2012/05/the-importance-of-the-mother-in-islam/http//www.onislam.net/english/ask-the-scholar/family/children-a-parenthood/175504-muslim-womans-role-as-a-mother.html? lineage=1 Page

My Goal - A Career in the Computer Industry :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Goal - A C atomic number 18er in the Computer IndustryTo suffer a goal, you must maiden find one to pursue. Then, you must decide on the steps necessary to reach that goal and proceed to complete those steps. Ultimately, after all your steps are finish, you will achieve your goal. The goal I pursue is that of becoming a self-employed entanglement designer, and I have obdurate on, and implemented, many steps necessitate to reach that goal. Having started college, I have begun an important step towards my goal. However, I decided on many of the steps years before I started college.Growing up, I strongly desired a career in the calculating machine industry. I enjoyed working with almost anything related to the computer field, but I was non sealed specifically which area of this broad field I would enjoy most. Though my interests were so extensive, I rig myself strongly leaning towards computer graphics. I decided to pursue a career in web design, an area with a great demand for imaging skills, as well as a multifariousness and abundance of job opportunities.After deciding on my goal, I started to research what my next steps should be. The first step was to choose a degree pertaining to web design and to find a college that offered this degree. I decided to obtain a Computer Science (CS) degree, as it covered a broad area of computer study. I researched colleges within the state of Montana, in order to avoid the costs of out-of-state tuition, and found two colleges that looked promising Montana Tech in Butte, and Montana adduce University (MSU) in Bozeman.Before deciding which to attend, I took nine credits at Carroll College in Helena and three credits at the Helena College of Technology to gear up a head start in my CS program. I tried to take classes that would transfer into both Montana Tech and MSU, but in the end, MSU would not accept all of my classes. This fact, combined with scholarship incentives, aided my decision to attend Montana Tech in pursuit of a CS degree.Having started college, I have begun the next step towards achieving my goal, but not without complications. Although I remained in the CS program for much of the first semester, I switched degrees about two-thirds of the way through. I found that I would be learning mostly computer programming in the CS degree and would not learn many useful skills pertaining to my goal.

Essay on Light and Dark in Antigone -- Antigone essays

Use of Light and Dark in Antigone The Golden Age of Greece is noted for its many contributions to the creative world, particularly in its development of the play. These performances strived to emphasize Greek morals, and were produced principally for this purpose. Antigone, by Sophocles, is typical. The moral focused on in Antigone is the conflict between physis (nature) and nomos (law), with physis ultimately presiding everyplace nomos. passim Antigone, King Creon is a symbol for nomos, while Antigone stands on the side of physis. To portray these ideas, light and dark images are used as a recurring motif to reinforce the theme. Light is used to show something good that is happening, whereas dark is utilized to show something of which the gods disapprove. Following with tradition, this play uses light to portray what is right in the eye of the chorus and darkness to reproach the other side. As the play is carried out, the chorus is constantly changing its opinions, first believ ing in the proceedings of Creon with respect to nomos, then faint of what to believe, and finally seeing that Antigones actions are more consistent with the morality of the gods and the truths of physis. Light and darkness are used to support in an emotional way the action of whoever the chorus is siding with at these various stages of the play. It is clear that at the beginning of Antigone, the chorus favors the actions of Creon, or nomos. This is shown as Creons intentions and retribution towards Polyneices are justified by cheery words and resourcefulness involving light. In the battle between Eteocles and Polyneices, although both leaders were killed, Eteocles army was the victor. To show that this was positive in the eyes of the gods, the first lin... ... with connection to nomos was as well high, and images referring to him are now dark and dismal. The play ends as the gods have turned their shoulder on Creon, and have made their final decision that Antigone is ultimate ly in the right. Because the sole purpose of Antigone is to get a moral point across, the parallels between light and dark and physis and nomos are associated together, and used metaphorically to add diversity and imagery to an otherwise redundant script. In the first scenes, these light and dark images show the reign of Creon. These are followed by the indistinct and ironic middle scenes, and end with the gods choosing Antigones actions over Creons, leaving Creon spiritually dead and paying for his poor choices and conduct. These are very effective techniques, which allow Sophocles to more fully develop his play, and give it a more emotional edge.

Communism Essay -- Communism Essays

Communism is the belief that every wizard in a society should be equal andshare their wealth. It is an outgrowth of collectivism and Anabaptism (Laski 45).It became a firmly rooted term after the Russian Revolution of 1917. Accordingto the words of Karl Marx, From each according to his ability, to eachaccording to his needs 1. These theories were pass around byKarl Marx. He believed that what a person made of himself reflected his effort(McLellan 1). He also believed that communism, or the state of equality wasones "final stage in bread and butter" (Leone 1).     Communism basically started in 1847, with the formation of the LondonCommunist League. This was an international association of worker, whose solepurpose was to write a "theoretical and practical computer programme which would serve asthe basis for uniting the working classes of Europe" (Leone 1). The LondonCommunist League asked Marx for help in drafting a document to bet theirstandi ngs. He composed the "Communist Manifesto" or "The Manifesto of theCommunist Party" (Leone 1).     The Russian Revolution helped foster communism. The Russian Revolutionstarted with the with the assassination of Rasputin. In March of 1917, the Dumadeclares a prvisional government, including czars. During this period, therewere also massive strikes by the workers. It was furthered by the abdication ofCzar Nicholas. The Russian Revolution itself occured throughout 1917, with thestart of the March Revolution. In April of 1917, Lenin return from exil inSwiter acres and denounced the established provisional government. The nextgeneral step was the gaining of the seats in the Petograd Soviet Parliment bythe Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks picked Lenin to then head the government, just some(prenominal) days after the November Revolution. During this revolution the peasantsstorm the palace, taking total control of the government. At this point, thepower was gi ven to Lenin. Almost immediatly he issued the New Economic Plan,which instituted the one party system or communism. They basicaly supported thebasic communist theories of Karl Marx, as interpreted by Lenin. He installedmany of his beliefs and helped reorganize the people, and essentiallyemmancipatte the working class. He also is credited with the creation of theS... .... The economic state of China made it much more profitablefor a peasant to work for the warlord that form the land (Shanor 95).     Because of the poor conditions, small Communist groups began to form inChinas cities. At first, they were allies with Sun Yat-Sen and hisNationalists. But the good feelings between the two parties deterioratedquickly after Chiang Kai-Shek, Suns successor, arranged the Shanghai Massacre ofthe Communists. Chiang spent the following years alternating betweennegotiating with and fighting against the Communists. The situation became sodrastic that the Communists eventuall y fled during the Long March of 1934-35(Shanor 95).The united States, who was very Anti-Communist after WWII, supportedChiang Kai-Shek. Over a period of four years, the US gave $2.5 billion tosupport the Nationalist cause. Despite their efforts, the Communists eventuallyoverthrew the Nationalist government, forcing Chiang and following to flee toTaiwan. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong, the leader of the Communists,proclaimed the country as the Peoples Republic of China (Shanor 96). 1 Industrial Workers of the World www.iww.org

Shades of Madness and Insanity in Yellow Wallpaper, A Worn Path, and Mulatto :: Yellow Wallpaper essays

Varying Shades of Insanity in Yellow Wallpaper, A Worn Path, and Mulatto The human psyche is a very complex, entangled thing. Why does one person act one way, while another acts completely differently? I have read three stories that have effrontery me insight on this subject. They are The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, A Worn Path by Eudora Welty, and Mulatto by Langston Hughes. In each of these stories, the main fibre exhibits a peculiar personality trait, but each stems from a different experience. The Yellow Wallpaper is a story of a married woman, Jane, who suffers from a debilitating nervous condition. This story is based on a cure for the disease, called the rest cure. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell developed this treatment which required confining the patient to a hotel, hospital, or a residence that was isolated from much human contact, such as the one described in the story. The patient was to have complete bed rest, a forceful change in diet, and sometimes even electric shock therapy. Charlotte Perkins Gilman had experienced this treatment in her own life, so she had first-hand knowledge of what she was writing about in this story (Gilman 491). The setting of this story is a room in a house in which Jane lives for a summer with her husband John, who is a physician. The room is large, roughly the size of the entire floor. She is on medication, phosphates or phosphites-- whichever it is, for her condition, and she has been forbidden to work (Gilman 491). Unfortunately, she was also not allowed to write, which was a deprivation of the only outlet she had. Therefore, on most days, she washed-out her time in that room with nothing to do except look at the four walls. In the beginning of the story we can sense that peradventure she is a little crazy. She describes the house as if it is a castle. Then she says that there is something strange about the house-- I can feel it (Gilman 492). Next, we learn of the intriguing discolour wallpaper. The wallpaper, at first, is her nemesis. She begs John to repaper the room it scares her. The paper looks to her as if it knew what a vicious influence it had (Gilman 494). In her perception, the paper has eyes and exerts some sort of power over her.